MPLS
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Definisi
Multiprotocol Label Switching. Teknik routing yang mengarahkan data menggunakan label jalur pendek alih-alih alamat jaringan panjang, memungkinkan traffic engineering yang cepat dan dapat diprediksi di seluruh jaringan penyedia layanan.
Labels Instead of Lookups
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) speeds up packet forwarding by replacing per-hop IP routing table lookups with simple label-swapping operations. When a packet enters an MPLS network at the Label Edge Router (LER), it receives a short fixed-length label (32-bit, typically 20-bit value portion). Interior Label Switch Routers (LSRs) read only the label, swap it for a new label, and forward to the next hop — no IP prefix lookup needed, which was a significant speed advantage in the era of slow TCAM tables.
Traffic Engineering and VPNs
MPLS's primary value today is traffic engineering (TE) and Layer 3 VPNs. With MPLS-TE, operators can route traffic along explicitly specified paths through their network, bypassing OSPFOpen Shortest Path First. An interior gateway routing protocol that uses link-state advertisements and Dijkstra's algorithm to compute the shortest path within an autonomous system. or BGPBorder Gateway Protocol. The routing protocol that exchanges reachability information between autonomous systems, effectively determining how data traverses the internet. Often called the "postal service of the internet." shortest-path constraints to optimize bandwidth utilization. MPLS L3VPN (RFC 4364) allows service providers to deliver isolated virtual routing tables to enterprise customers over a shared backbone — a core service for enterprise WAN connectivity and replacing traditional Frame Relay circuits.
MPLS vs. SD-WAN
Modern SD-WAN technologies are displacing MPLS in many enterprise WAN deployments by using commodity internet links with software-defined path selection. However, MPLS remains dominant in carrier cores and situations requiring guaranteed LatencyThe time delay for a data packet to travel from source to destination, typically measured in milliseconds (ms). Lower latency is critical for real-time applications like video calls, gaming, and financial trading. bounds, strict BandwidthThe maximum data transfer rate of a network link, typically measured in bits per second (Mbps, Gbps). Bandwidth represents capacity, not actual speed; real-world transfer rates depend on latency, congestion, and protocol overhead. SLAs, or where internet path reliability is insufficient. Many enterprises run hybrid WAN architectures combining MPLS for critical applications and broadband/4G for bulk traffic. Ping Test