HTTP/1.1
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R. Fielding, M. Nottingham, J. Reschke · 2022-06
Abstract
RFC 9112 defines the HTTP/1.1 message syntax and framing — the wire format for HTTP messages sent over TCP connections. It specifies the text-based request-line and response-line formats, header field encoding, transfer encodings (including chunked), and connection management (persistent connections, pipelining). It is the companion to RFC 9110, which defines HTTP semantics.
Why This RFC Matters
Despite the rise of HTTP/2 and HTTP/3, HTTP/1.1 remains enormously prevalent, used in backend-to-backend communication, command-line tools, and as a fallback for clients that do not negotiate newer versions. RFC 9112 provides the definitive, clarified specification of HTTP/1.1 framing, superseding RFC 2616 and the RFC 7230 series with tighter normative language and removal of ambiguities that had caused security vulnerabilities (such as request smuggling via Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length conflicts). It is the authoritative reference for HTTP/1.1 message parsing.