RFC 9114 Proposed Standard

HTTP/3

M. Bishop · 2022-06

Abstract

RFC 9114 defines HTTP/3, the mapping of HTTP semantics onto QUIC (RFC 9000). HTTP/3 replaces the TCP-based transport of HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 with QUIC, which provides built-in TLS 1.3 encryption, independent stream multiplexing without head-of-line blocking, and connection migration. HTTP/3 uses QPACK (RFC 9204) for header compression instead of HPACK.

Why This RFC Matters

HTTP/3 represents a fundamental shift in how the Web's application protocol interacts with the transport layer. By moving from TCP to QUIC, HTTP/3 eliminates the last major source of head-of-line blocking: a single lost TCP packet that stalls all HTTP/2 streams. This improvement is especially significant on lossy mobile networks. HTTP/3 also benefits from QUIC's faster connection establishment (0-RTT) and connection migration, allowing mobile users to maintain connections while switching between Wi-Fi and cellular networks. Major CDNs (Cloudflare, Fastly, Akamai) and browser vendors (Chrome, Firefox, Safari) have deployed HTTP/3, and adoption continues to grow rapidly.

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